Modern-day Budapest is actually a combination of two rival medieval cities: Buda and Pest . While flat Pest is located on the eastern bank of the fabled Danube River and has traditionally been Hungarian, Buda , located on the western bank, is hilly, full of trees, and was historically inhabited by Germans, Ottomans, and Serbians before finally being assimilated by the Hungarians.  * Buda was the former capital of the  Kingdom of Hungary  and thus contains  Buda Castle ,  Matthias Church , and the  Fisherman's Bastion .